6 articles
Gases, Liquids, Solids & Solutions
Gas laws, phase changes, crystal structures, concentration units and colligative properties.
Molarity Explained: How to Calculate Concentration and Make Solutions
What molarity means, how to calculate it, how to make a solution of a given concentration in the lab, and how dilution with C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ works.
States of Matter: Solids, Liquids, Gases and Plasma
How particles behave in solids, liquids, gases and plasma, the names of every phase change, why temperature stays flat while things melt or boil, and which elements are solid, liquid or gas at room temperature.
The Ideal Gas Law (PV = nRT) Explained With Examples
What each term in PV = nRT means, which value of R to use, worked examples for every variable, and when real gases stop behaving ideally.
STP and Molar Volume: Why Is It 22.4 L (or 22.7 L)?
What standard temperature and pressure means, why textbooks give molar volumes of 22.4 L, 22.7 L and 24.5 L, and how to use molar volume in gas calculations.
Molarity vs. Molality: What's the Difference?
Molarity and molality compared: definitions, units, worked conversions, why molality ignores temperature, and when chemists use each one.
Boyle's, Charles's and Gay-Lussac's Laws: The Gas Laws Explained
The three classic gas laws, what each one means physically, the combined gas law, worked examples and the everyday situations where you can see them happen.